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Theory of critical thinking. Developed a process theory of
critical thinking (CT) that attempted to blend concepts from philosophy,
education, and psychology. Within this theory, CT is considered to
be a stimulus-influenced "state" that is fundamentally aversive.
People can be induced to engage in CT with greater frequency and at
higher levels by making aspects of a stimulus message ambiguous, giving
them additional time to process, and influencing context based on
the meta-task (e.g., to understand the message, solve a problem, make
a decision) they are given. Aspects of the theory were validated based
on surveys of Army officers and selected research studies (Army Research
Institute).
Web-based training for critical thinking. Developed the functional
requirements for a series of web-based training modules to promote
advanced critical thinking (CT) by Army battle command officers. Lessons
learned in teaching critical thinking were derived from a review of
civilian educational research literature and from a survey of instructors
who teach CT to Army officers. The steps involved in establishing
the functional requirements for web-based instruction included selecting
a subset of core CT skills, performing a cognitive task analysis on
core skills, identifying a key training concept or theme for each
skill, and developing a syllabus of instruction (Army Research Institute).
Organizational maintenance performance systems. Increased the
effectiveness of Army maintenance at the operator and organizational
levels. Considered the following primary elements: command emphasis,
management information, management proficiency, application of resources,
and technical proficiency. Developed and evaluated a computer-based
information system compatible with field maintenance and training
conditions. Provided information system, action-taking, training,
and certification components. Conducted research on critical issues
in the system development. (Army Research Institute)
Commander's maintenance guide. Developed and validated a management
guide for organization-level maintenance within the Army; emphasized
indicators of effective performance and corresponding actions to be
taken by maintenance managers. (Army Training Board)
System demonstration and evaluation of a soldier-machine interface.
Planned, conducted, and evaluated a soldier-machine interface (SMI)
for future armored vehicles. Provided proof of concept, particularly
of system integration. Developed scenarios and scripts to showcase
the most significant functional capabilities. Determined required
modifications of current SMI capabilities. Determined data collection
requirements and formats. Analyzed objective and subjective data and
suggested appropriate conclusions and future directions. (Delco Systems
Operations)
Informational processing model. Developed a soldier-machine
information processing model for armored warfare. Surveyed Army agencies,
explored technical advances, and examined operational modes. Prioritized
human factors research and development for the vehicle integrated
intelligence soldier-machine interface. (Vector Research, Inc.)
Vehicle integrated intelligence. Supported the development
of the soldier-machine interface for integrated intelligence systems
for advanced armored vehicles. Developed a scenario for demonstration
of artificial intelligence and human factors features of the interface;
completed analysis of tank platoon leader tasks; provided human factors
engineering support to the design of displays, controls, and dialog;
and designed and conducted evaluative studies. (Perceptronics, Inc.)
Armor map display system. Determined the extent to which tank
commanders would be aided by a computer-generated topographic display
for navigation and tactical decision making. Conducted interviews
with the Command Staff and Doctrine Department at Fort Knox and participated
in Situational Training Exercises. Analyzed deliberate attack and
defense missions to determine the functions, tasks, and information
items required for armor missions. Designed digital map capabilities
to overcome the current shortcomings in orientation, trafficability
analysis, overlay handling, weapon range arc determination, and battlefield
position intervisibility computations. (Army Tank Automotive Command)
Map-intepretation skills of combat infantrymen.
Assessed the land navigation and map-interpretation knowledge and
skill requirements of Army infantrymen; determined the utility of
aviator-training technology for the training of infantrymen. (Army
Research Institute)
Marine Corps land navigation and map interpretation for tactical warfare.
Enriched the training that Marine infantrymen receive in land navigation
and map interpretation by: identifying operational conditions, defining
skill and knowledge requirements, defining methodological requirements,
and developing and testing new techniques. (Navy Personnel Research
and Development Center)
Terrain association algorithms. Defined the cognitive processes,
abilities, and strategies that experienced military map users employ
to perform the complex task of associating the contour-line portrayal
of terrain relief with its real-world counterpart. Used the research
results to formulate concepts and techniques for training novice map
users to perform the terrain association tasks. (Office of Naval Research
and the Marine Corps)
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