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Navy Operations

Design of Systems and Procedures

DD(X) Destroyer. As part of the Northrop Grumman team designing the Navy's advanced surface combatant, provided analyses and recommendations for human systems integration. The DD(X) program emphasizes transformational technologies: the Advanced Gun System and its munitions, the Integrated Power System; the Volume Search Radar; signature reduction across all areas to improve survivability; a total ship computing environment that is easily up-gradable through its open system architecture and allows significant reduction in personnel; integrated undersea warfare and in-stride mine avoidance; and highly automated damage control with consequent improvements in survivability and reductions in personnel. The success of the program is dependent on support and combat tasks being performed effectively by significant reductions in the number of personnel required by today's ships. The Anacapa team provided core support to the development of DD(X) personnel requirements and the conduct of analyses leading to recommendations for human systems integration.

Engineer's guide. Evaluated and refined a guide developed for use by engineers to assess personnel implications of system design alternatives. Refined and expanded a design-concepts data base and a task-proficiency data base. Prepared design guides to operator and technician requirements for sonar, radar, fire control, and gun control systems. (Naval Personnel Research and Development Center)

Navy surveillance systems. Compared hard-copy and CRT display formats for surveillance, detection, and classification. Analyzed advanced display techniques including laser, holographic, interferometric, and multi-stylii recorder. Prepared an analytical study and an experimental study and developed a figure-of-merit for each concept. (Naval Electronic Systems Command)

Design of topside combat systems. Conducted a study of maintainability issues associated with Navy topside combat systems. Interviews, shipboard observations, and a formal survey of experts led to the development of guidelines for the design of future topside systems with enhanced operational readiness. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

Presentation of technical information. Developed a system for matching the presentation of maintenance information to the characteristics of specifically defined Navy users. Analyzed critical user-data match issues; constructed a user-data match model; defined specifications for model implementation; identified needed research. (Hughes Aircraft Company)

Knowledge-based operability simulation model. Developed a simulation method for verifying system operability based on a systems-level, top-down analysis, and using knowledge-based software modules. Demonstrated the model by conducting an analysis of certain operability issues in a shipboard anti-submarine warfare combat system. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

Sonar and Anti-Submarine Warfare

Operating procedures for minehunting sonar. Developed a complete set of operating procedures for the SQQ-32 minehunting sonar system. Emphasized the most effective techniques for operating the new sonar in a variety of situations and conditions. Provided a document which can be used by both experienced and inexperienced operators. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

Sea tests of the transient acoustics processor. Provided human factors engineering support to laboratory systems tests, initial sea tests, and operational sea tests of the transient acoustic processor. Developed initial operating procedures, prepared test sequences, developed operator training material, conducted operator training, and reduced and analyze resulting data. (Naval Underwater Systems Center)

Requirements for small anti-submarine warfare ships. Defined and described system design issues that impact operability and functional adequacy of small surface ships oriented to anti-submarine warfare. Identified functional requirements; specified probable missions and required capabilities, and defined the human-machine problems which must be solved during the design process. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

Special sonar detection displays. Conducted experimental research on Navy passive sonar displays. Measured target detection performance under alternative display formats and parameters. Assessed statistically the contribution of main parameter effects and interactions. (Naval Ship Systems Command)

Electronic Warfare

Tactical visualization aids for integrated electronic warfare. Developed a series of display formats incorporating advanced human factors principles that can be used to guide the redesign and enhancement of surface ship electronic warfare systems, such as the AN/SLQ-32. Employed a multi-media software environment to construct partial simulations of crucial operator functions for rapid prototyping, testing, and refinement of alternative display design concepts. Focused on those operator functions that will benefit most from receiving support in the area of tactical visualization. (Naval Ocean Systems Center) AN/SLQ-32

Measures of effectiveness. Identified measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that reflect both air to surface missile defense and surveillance aspects of system operation. Analyzed crucial operator functions obtained from structured interviews and observations of experienced EW operators in both the Atlantic and Pacific fleets. Specified an MOE for each critical function to indicate the corresponding speed and accuracy levels to demonstrate proficiency on that function. (Naval Ocean Systems Center)

Display studies to support AN/SLQ-54 development. Developed and demonstrated design prototypes of an advanced electronic warfare display format and supporting features (man-machine dialog techniques). Developed an advanced EW display format "package" to enhance operator performance during multi-source contact correlation and on-watch information integration. A format was developed that illustrates features for enhanced presentation of EW-related tactical information and operator control/manipulation of this information. (Naval Ocean Systems Center)

Expert operator techniques. Identified and analyzed techniques that superior electronic warfare (EW) operators of the Navy's SLQ-32 EW system have developed for managing workload under high emitter densities and for integrating information from a variety of shipboard sources. Studied the extent to which these techniques can be incorporated into software decision aids or improved display formats. Developed display formats using multimedia prototyping tools to identify the user-machine interface concepts that are most effective for promoting and maintaining accurate mental pictures during EW scenarios. (Naval Ocean Systems Center)

Special Operations

Landing Craft Air Cushion. Conducted an analysis of the work performed by the five crew positions aboard the NavyÆs Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), a high-speed hover craft with operational characteristics similar to helicopters. Interviewed crew, developed task lists, and performed a systematic analysis of task criticality to assist with the development of personnel section and fitness for duty standards. Identified issues of equipment design, crew selection, training, and cockpit resource management. (Naval Health Research Center)

Naval Special Warfare operational effectiveness. Identified factors that influence the operational effectiveness of Naval Special Warfare personnel (SEAL Teams and Special Boat Units). Personal interviews with NSW experts and archival research led to the development of a descriptive model encompassing mission requirements, operational factors, equipment design features, and human performance capabilities. (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

Naval Special Warfare equipment design. Developed a design guide and performance database for use by program managers, engineers, and mission planners concerning human capabilities and limitations under extreme environmental conditions. The guide focuses on the requirements of Naval Special Warfare personnel (members of SEAL Teams and Special Boat Units), but recommendations apply to the full range of operations in extreme environments. Conclusions and recommendations are based on a review of the human performance literature and more than 75 personal interviews with NSW experts. (Naval Ocean Systems Center)


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